1. APQP ni iki? (Imvugo ngereranyo)

Izina ryuzuye: Igenamigambi ryiza

Essence: Urutonde, ikipe ishingiye ku itsinda, ikibazo cyo kwirinda ibibazo.

Filozofiya yibanze: "Ibibazo bya NIP mu bimera" kandi "bikaba byiza bwa mbere." Bisaba imitekerereze itunganijwe kuva murwego rwo gushushanya cyangwa niyo ifite ibitekerezo byibicuruzwa: Nigute yashushanyaga? Nigute ushobora kubyara? Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora kuvuka? Nigute wabibuza? Nigute ushobora kugerageza? Nigute ushobora kunyurwa nabakiriya nibicuruzwa byanyuma?

Imvugo ngereranyo: Ninkaho kubaka skyscraper.

Ntabwo ukurura abakozi gusa ukajya kurubuga rwo kubaka hanyuma ugatangira gushyira amatafari, urabikora?

• Ugomba gukora ibishushanyo birambuye (ibishushanyo mbonera) mbere - ibi bihwanye no gushushanya hakiri kare no gutegura muri APQP.
• Reba ibikoresho byo gukoresha, uburyo bwo kubaka, kandi ibyo ingaruka bizahura (urugero, urufatiro rudahungabana, ingaruka) -ibi bihwanye na isesengura rya APQP.
• Abahuzabikorwa bahuza, injeniyeri, amakipe yo kubaka, abatanga isoko n'andi mashyaka - ibi bihwanye n'itsinda ryambukiranya ishami rya APQP.
• Gutezimbere intambwe zubururu na gahunda - ibi bihwanye no kugabana Icyiciro no gutegura APQP.
• Reba ku ngingo z'ingenzi (E.G., nyuma yo gusuka, nyuma ya buri jambo risohoka) -Ibi bihwanye na APQP gusubiramo no kugenzura.

Intego nyamukuru ni ugutanga inyubako nziza mugihe, kuri bije kandi umutekano-bihwanye nintego ya APQP yo gutanga ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa kubakiriya ku gihe.

APQP ni gahunda yose igenamigambi na sisitemu yo gucunga ibishushanyo mbonera byashushanyije kugirango byemerwe nyuma kugirango inyubako (ibicuruzwa) ifite umutekano.

2. Ni uruhe ruhare rwibanze rwa APQP? (Kuki ari ngombwa?)

Kwirinda Ikibazo-Gukemura ibibazo bizigama amafaranga nigihe: iyi niyo nyungu zihebuje! Kumenya ibishushanyo mbonera, ibikoresho byo gukora, hamwe nibishobora kugira ingaruka (nkibice byoroheje cyangwa inzira-yiterambere) mbere yumusaruro rusange yemerera ibisubizo byukuri. Ugereranije no kuvumbura ibibazo mugihe cyo gukora biganisha ku gikorwa kinini, ibicuruzwa, cyangwa wibutse - izi ngamba zifatika zigabanuka zigura cyane! Suzuma ibi: Gukosora inenge yashushanyije ku mpapuro ifata inkoni nke; kuyifata kumurongo wo kubyara ushobora kubuza miliyoni.

Menya neza ko ibicuruzwa bihuye nibisabwa byose byabakiriya: Ni irihe bara, ni ubuhe buryo, ubuzima kugeza ryari, ni ubuhe buryo bw'umutekano? APQP isaba ko ibi bisabwa bisobanurwa kuva mbere kandi bigenzurwa mugihe cyiterambere kugirango ibicuruzwa byanyuma bibashobore neza.

Witondere gutanga igihe: Binyuze mu gice kirambuye cyo kugabana no gutegura igihe, impande zose zabigizemo uruhare (igishushanyo, umusaruro, ibiza, ubuziranenge, ubuziranenge, ubuziranenge, ubuziranenge, ubuziranenge, ubuziranenge, ubuziranenge, ubuziranenge, ubuziranenge, ubuziranenge, ubuziranenge, ibiza, ubuziranenge, ubuziranenge, ubuziranenge,

Guteza imbere ubufatanye bw'amakipe: APQP ashimangira gukenera ikibanza kigizwe nigishushanyo, inganda, ubuziranenge, kugura, kugurisha ndetse n'abahagarariye abahagarariye gukurikirana. Gusenya inkuta z'ishami, guhuza intego, sangira amakuru, no kwirinda kurwana mu mwobo.

Laying the groundwork for subsequent production: The final outputs of APQP (e.g., process flow charts, control plans, and work instructions) directly guide how to consistently produce qualified products during mass production. Iremeza ko inzira yumusaruro yemejwe kandi ifite agaciro.

3. Ni ubuhe buryo nyamukuru bwa apqp? (Ahantu h'ingenzi kugenzura)

APQP ibikorwa nkumuyobozi wumushinga, wibanda kubice bikurikira:

a) gusobanura intego n'ibisabwa (gutangira ingingo):

• Abakiriya bashaka iki? (Imikorere, imikorere, isura, amabwiriza, ikiguzi, igihe cyo gutanga, nibindi)
• Ni ibihe bintu dufite byimbere nibiteganijwe? (inyungu, umusaruro, nibindi)
• Ni ayahe mategeko n'amabwiriza n'abiciro (umutekano, kurengera ibidukikije, n'ibindi)

Muri make: Kora "icyo gukora" birasobanutse kandi ugire ishingiro ryimirimo yose.

b) Igishushanyo mbonera niterambere (gushushanya igishushanyo):

Igishushanyo: Gushushanya ibishushanyo, ibisobanuro, urutonde rwibintu kandi rero ukurikije ibisabwa.

Kwemeza: Nicyo washyizeho mubyukuri bishoboka? Reba kugirango urebe niba uhuye nibisabwa binyuze mubare, kwigana, gushushanya ibitekerezo, nibindi, mugihe ushushanya imitego, urashobora kuyobora mudasobwa kugirango urebe niba ari imbaraga.

Muri make: Menya neza ko ibyateguwe biri ku mpapuro kugirango byemerwe kandi bigerweho.

c) gutunganya igishushanyo n'iterambere (igenamigambi ry'umusaruro):

Fata igishushanyo n'iterambere ryibicuruzwa byacu 7.0 hamwe no gushyiraho umurongo wuwatanga umusaruro nkurugero:

Uburyo bwo gutanga umusaruro: Nyuma yuko ibicuruzwa byateguwe, nigute? Nibihe bikoresho, ibikoresho nigikoresho birakenewe? Kora "Umuyoboro wa Garmap" (gutunganya imbonerahamwe).

Imiterere y'urubuga: Nigute wategura umurongo watanga umusaruro usanzwe kandi neza?

Kwirinda ingaruka: Niki gishobora kugenda nabi muri buri cyiciro cyibikorwa byumusaruro? Ni izihe ngaruka zaba zikomeye? Nigute dushobora kwirinda amakosa cyangwa kubimenya bidatinze mugihe bibaye? .

Gahunda yo kugenzura ubuziranenge: Ni izihe ngingo zingana ku murongo wabyara umusaruro? Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa mu kugenzura? Ni kangahe bagenzuwe? Ninde ubagenzura? (Gukora prototype ya gahunda yo kugenzura).

Muri make: Tegura "uburyo bwo gukora" hakiri kare, shakisha ingingo zishoboka mubikorwa, kandi ukore akazi keza ko gukumira.

d) ibicuruzwa no gutunganya neza (umusaruro w'icyitegererezo no kwipimisha):

Kugirango tumenye ko ibicuruzwa bishobora gukorwa burundu, dukeneye gukora ibi bikurikira:

Ibigeragezo byabanjirije umusaruro:

• Kubyara umubare muto wibicuruzwa kumurongo wateganijwe (cyangwa umurongo uri hafi yumusaruro rusange).

Kugenzura ikizamini:

• Ibicuruzwa biburanishwa nibyo byujuje ibyangombwa?
• Birahuye neza nibisabwa nabakiriya? (Kora imikorere itandukanye nibizamini byizewe).

Ubushobozi bwo gutunganya:

• Ese umurongo utekanye?
• Ese ibisohoka bihindagurika cyane?
• Turashobora gukomeza gukora ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa? (Binyuze muri SPC, kugenzura imibare igenzura nubundi buryo).

Ibikoresho:

• Ibikoresho nibikoresho bikoreshwa mugupima ibicuruzwa ubwabyo byizewe?
• Igipimo nukuri? (Gupima sisitemu ya sisitemu).

Muri make: mubyukuri "ngerageza" kugenzura niba ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa kandi niba inzira yo gukora ihamye kandi yizewe.

e) ibitekerezo, gusuzuma no gukomeza gutera imbere (umwanzuro no guhitamo):

Gukemura ikibazo: Ibibazo bigaragara mumusaruro ubanza no kwipimisha bigomba gusesengurwa no gukemurwa neza.

Inararibonye Incamake: Inararibonye n'amasomo muri uyu mushinga bigomba kwandikwa kugirango utange imishinga iri imbere.

Menyesha umukiriya: Tegura inyandiko zose zerekana impamyabumenyi y'ibicuruzwa no kugenzura umutekano, hanyuma ubishyikirize umukiriya kugirango usubiremo kandi wemeze (iyi ni inzira yo kwemeza PPAP, umusaruro w'ingenzi muri APQP).

Kwimura rusange: Imyiteguro yose yiteguye, kandi ibicuruzwa byimuriwe mu ishami rishinzwe umusaruro mwinshi ukurikije umuganda rusange ukurikije gahunda ya APQP.

Muri make: Gukemura ikibazo cyo gutanga ibigeragezo, tegura ibimenyetso byumukiriya kwemeza, gutangira umusaruro, kandi ukoreshe amasomo wize mugihe kizaza.

Ubuyobozi bwose:

Gukorera: Inzira ntishobora gukorwa numuntu umwe cyangwa ishami rimwe, ahubwo agomba kwishingikiriza ku bufatanye bwa hafi hagati yamakipe yambukiranya.

Gucunga ibyago: Kumenya no gukumira ingaruka zidahwema mugihe cyo gushushanya no gutunganya icyiciro cyiterambere (cyane cyane binyuze muri FMEA).

Inyandiko: Isesengura, icyemezo, gahunda nibisubizo bya buri cyiciro byanditswe neza kugirango ugire "urunigi rwibimenyetso". Iki nigice cyingenzi cya APQP!

Kuvuga muri make ishingiro rya APQP:

APQP ni gahunda nziza irambuye "gusama" na "igishushanyo cyo gutanga" mbere yuko ibicuruzwa "byavutse". Irasaba:

Gutangira gutegura hakiri kare (hejuru).

Intego zisobanutse (zisabwa ibisabwa).

Igishushanyo no gukora mumaboko yombi (ibicuruzwa no gutunganya).

Shakisha ibibazo hakiri kare (gukumira mbere).

Gukorera hamwe ni kashe (cross-imikorere).

Reka ibintu bivuge kuri bo (umusaruro ugeragezwa).

Kureka ibimenyetso mwirabura numweru (inyandiko).

Intego nyamukuru ni ugukora ibicuruzwa byiza abakiriya badashobora kubona amakosa ku giciro gito kandi mugihe gito!

Bitekerezeho nk '"navigator" na "yaka" kugirango iterambere ryibicuruzwa. Bitabaye ibyo, guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya ni nko gufata mu mazi adafite imipaka, aho ushobora kwiruka uzunguruka ukazimira; hamwe nayo, urashobora kugera aho ujya neza kandi neza.