1. Yintoni i-APQP? (I-famepreyir)

Igama elipheleleyo: Ukucwangciswa komgangatho wemveliso

Eyona nto iphambili: Iqela elisekwe kwiqela, elinengxaki yokuphepha inkqubo yolawulo lweprojekthi.

Ifilosofi yefilosofi: "Iingxaki ze-nip kwi-Bud" kwaye "yenze okokuqala." Ifuna ukucinga okucwangcisiweyo ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuzoba okanye kwinqanaba lemveliso yemveliso: Indlela yokuyila? Uvelisa njani? Yeyiphi imiba enokuvela? Ungathintela njani? Ungavavanya njani? Ukuqinisekisa ukwaneliseka kwabathengi ngemveliso yokugqibela?

Imehlo

Awutsi nje iqela labasebenzi kwaye uye kwindawo yokwakha kwaye uqale ukubeka izitena, akunjalo?

• Kuya kufuneka wenze imizobo yoyilo eneenkcukacha (i-Blieprices) Okokuqala-ilingana noyilo lokuqala kunye nokucwangciswa kwe-Appp.
• Qwalasela zeziphi izinto ezinokusetyenziswa, indlela yokwakha, kwaye zithini iingozi eziya kudibana nazo (i-E.G., isiseko esingazinzanga, sinokuzinzayo) -iyindlela efanayo yokufumana uhlaziyo lomngcipheko we-APQP.
• Ukulungelelanisa izixhobo zokwakha, iinjineli, amaqela okwakha, abathengisi kunye namanye amaqela-oku kulingana neqela lecandelo le-APQP.
• Phuhlisa amanyathelo okwakha okokwakha kunye neeshedyuli-oku kufana neCandelo kunye nokuCwangciswa kwe-APQP.
• Jonga amanqaku aphambili (E.G., emva kokugalelwa isiseko, emva komgangatho ngamnye ugqithiselwe) -iyinto efanayo yokuphononongwa kwe-APQP kunye nokuqinisekiswa.

Eyona njongo iphambili kukuhambisa isakhiwo esiphezulu sexesha, ngohlahlo-lwabiwo mali kunye nokukhuseleka-nto ngokukhuselekileyo kwinjongo ye-APQP yokuhambisa iimfuno zemveliso ezihlangabezana nazo iimfuno zabathengi ngexesha.

I-APQP ngucwangciso lonke nolawulo ukusuka kwi-Blobrint yoyilo ukuya kukwamkelwa okokugqibela ukuqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo (imveliso) sikhuselekile.

2. Ithini indima engu-APQP? (Kutheni ibalulekile?)

Ukusombulula ingxaki yokuthintela kugcina imali kunye nexesha: Le yeyona inzuzo yokugqibela! Ukuchonga iimpazamo zokuyila, ukuvelisa iibhotile, kunye neengozi ezinokubakho (njengezinto ezibungozi (njengezinto ezibuthathaka okanye iinkqubo zempazamo) ngaphambi kokuba imveliso yobuninzi ivumela isisombululo esisebenzayo. Xa kuthelekiswa nemicimbi yokufunda ngexesha lemveliso ekhokelela ekubuyiseleni okuninzi, i-scrap yemveliso, okanye ukhumbula - ezi zinto zisebenzayo zixabisa kakhulu! Qwalasela oku: Ukulungisa iflethi yoyilo ephepheni kuthatha nje imivimbo embalwa; ukubamba kumgca wemveliso kungathintela izigidi kwilahleko.

Qinisekisa ukuba imveliso ihlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zabathengi: Nguwuphi umbala, ngowuphi umsebenzi, loluphi omgangatho wokhuseleko? I-APQP ifuna ukuba ezi mfuno zichazwe kwasekuqaleni kwaye zitshekishwe kuyo yonke inkqubo yophuhliso ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ihlangabezana ngqo.

Ukuqinisekiswa kokuhanjiswa kwexesha: ngokucwangciswa kwexesha kunye nokucwangciswa kwexesha elineenkcukacha, onke amaqela abandakanyekayo (uyilo, ukuthengwa, ukuvelisa, umgangatho, njl.njl).

Ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano yeqela: I-APQP igxininisa imfuneko yeqela eliqukethe uyilo, imveliso, umgangatho, ukuthengisa, ukuthengisa kunye nabameli kunye nabameli beza kubameli bokusebenzisana. Yaphula iindonga zesebe, ukulungelelanisa iinjongo, ukwabelana ngolwazi, kwaye uphephe ukulwa imingxunya.

Ukubeka isiseko semveliso elandelayo: Iziphumo zokugqibela ze-APQP (E.G., iitshathi zokuhambahamba, izicwangciso zolawulo, kunye nemiyalelo yomsebenzi) ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso efanelekileyo ngexesha lokuveliswa kwesininzi. Iqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yemveliso iqinisekisiwe kwaye ilungiselelwe.

3. Zeziphi izikhombisi eziphambili ze-APQP? (Iindawo eziphambili zoLawulo)

I-APQP isebenza njengomphathi weprojekthi, ugxile kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

a) Chaza iinjongo kunye neemfuno (indawo yokuqala):

• Bafuna ntoni abathengi? (Umsebenzi, ukusebenza, ukubonakala, imigaqo, indleko, ixesha lokuhambisa, njl. Njl.)
• Zeziphi iimfuno zethu zangaphakathi kunye nolindelo? (inzuzo, imveliso, njl. Njl.)
• Yeyiphi imithetho efanelekileyo kunye nemigaqo kunye nemigangatho yeshishini (ukhuseleko lwendalo, ukhuseleko lwendalo, njl.njl.)

Ngamafutshane: yenza "ukuba wenze ntoni" kwaye usenze isiseko sawo wonke umsebenzi.

b) Uyilo lwemveliso kunye nophuhliso (Zoba i-Blackprint):

Uyilo: Uyilo lwemveliso yemizobo, imigaqo-nkqubo, uluhlu lwezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nokunye ngokweemfuno.

Uqinisekiso: Yile nto uyolelweyo? Jonga ukubona ukuba ihlangabezana neemfuno ngokulwa, ukuphononongwa, uphononongo loyilo, njl. Umzekelo, unokuqhuba ikhompyuter ukuba iqinile.

Beka nje: Qinisekisa ukuba into eye yayile ikwiphepha ukuze yamkeleke kwaye ifikeleleke.

c) Inkqubo yoyilo kunye nophuhliso (imigca yemveliso yocwangciso):

Thatha uyilo kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso zethu ze-7.0 ze-intshi ze-Inch kunye nokusekwa komgca wemveliso njengomzekelo:

Indlela yemveliso: Emva kwemveliso yenzelwe, indlela yokwenza? Zeziphi izixhobo, isixhobo kunye nenkqubo efunekayo? Yenza i-the fackmap "yemveliso yendlela" (itshathi yenkqubo).

Ubume besiza: Indlela yokucwangcisa indlela yokuvelisa ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo?

Uthintelo lomngcipheko: Yintoni ebinokuhamba gwenxa kwinqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo yemveliso? Inokuba yintoni imiphumo? Singathintela njani iimpazamo okanye zibabone ngokukhawuleza xa zenzeka? .

Isicwangciso solawulo esemgangathweni: Ngawaphi amanqaku olawulo afanelekileyo kumgca wemveliso? Zeziphi iindlela ezisetyenziselwa ukukhangela? Bakhangele kangaphi? Ngubani obajongayo? (Ukwenza i-prototype yesicwangciso solawulo).

Ngamafutshane: cwangcisa "indlela yokwenza" ngaphambi kwexesha, fumanisa amanqaku obungozi kwinkqubo yemveliso, kwaye wenze umsebenzi olungileyo wokuthintela.

d) Imveliso kunye nenkqubo yokuqinisekiswa (ukuveliswa komqhubi kunye nokuvavanywa):

Ukuze uqiniseke ukuba imveliso inokuthi iveliswe ngobunzima, kufuneka senze oku kulandelayo:

Ukuvavanywa kwangaphambili kwemveliso:

• Veza inani elincinci leemveliso kumgca wokuvelisa ocwangcisiweyo (okanye umgca osondeleyo kwimveliso yobuninzi).

Ukuqinisekiswa kovavanyo:

• Ngaba ezi mveliso zilingo zifanelekile ngokwenene?
• Ngaba iyayifumana ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zabathengi? (Yenza uvavanyo olubanzi lokusebenza kunye novavanyo lokuthembeka).

Ukubanakho kwenkqubo:

• Ngaba umgca uzinzile?
• Ngaba iziphumo ziyaguquguquka kakhulu?
• Ngaba singaqhubeka nokwenza iimveliso ezifanelekileyo ngokuthe chu? (Ngokusebenzisa ulawulo lwe-SPC, lweenkcukacha-manani zenkqubo kunye nezinye iindlela).

Isixhobo seZixhobo:

• Ngaba izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iimveliso ngokwazo zithembekile?
• Ngaba umlinganiso uchanekile? (Uhlalutyo lwenkqubo ye-MSA-10).

Beka nje: Ngokwenyani "yenza itrayi" ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ifanelekile nokuba inkqubo yemveliso iyazinza kwaye ithembekile.

e) Ingxelo, uvavanyo kunye nophuculo oluqhubekayo (ukuqukumbela kunye nokunikezelwa):

Ukusombulula ingxaki: Iingxaki ezivezwe kwimveliso yelingo kunye novavanyo kufuneka zihlaziywe kwaye zisonjululwe ngokupheleleyo.

ISISHWANKATHELO ESIFUMANEKILEYO: Amava amnandi kunye nezifundo kule projekthi kufuneka zirekhodwe ukubonelela ngeeprojekthi zexesha elizayo.

Hambisa kuMthengi: Lungelelanisa onke amaxwebhu angqina ubuchule bemveliso kunye nokulawulwa kwenkqubo, kwaye akungenise kumthengi wokuphononongwa kunye nokuvunywa (le yinkqubo yemveliso ye-PPAP).

Ukudluliselwa kwemveliso eninzi: Onke amalungiselelo alungile, kwaye imveliso idluliselwe ngokusemthethweni kwiCandelo leMveliso yeMigangatho yemveliso enkulu ngokwesicwangciso se-APQP.

Ngamafutshane: ukusombulula ingxaki yokuvelisa uvavanyo, cwangcisa ubungqina bomthengi ukuba bavume, baqale kwimveliso, kwaye basebenzise izifundo ezifundwayo.

Kubo bonke ulawulo:

Umsebenzi weqela: Inkqubo ayinakwenziwa ngumntu omnye okanye isebe elinye, kodwa kufuneka ixhomekeke kwintsebenziswano kufutshane phakathi kwamaqela asebenza ngokusebenza.

Ulawulo loMngcipheko: Chonga kwaye kuthintele umngcipheko ngokuqhubekayo ngexesha loyilo kunye neSigaba soPhuculo seNkqubo (ikakhulu nge-FMEA).

Amaxwebhu: Uhlalutyo, isigqibo, isicwangciso kunye neziphumo zokuqinisekisa kwinqanaba ngalinye zirekhodwe ukuba zenze "i-chain yobungqina" kunye nesikhokelo somsebenzi. Le yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-APQP!

Ukushwankathela isiseko se-APQP:

I-APQP sisicwangciso esineenkcukacha ezibhaliweyo esineenkcukacha "kunye" nesikhokelo sokuhambisa "ngaphambi kokuba imveliso 'izalwe". Ifuna:

Qalisa ukucwangcisa kwangoko (phezulu ngaphambili).

Iinjongo ezicacileyo (hlanganisa iimfuno).

Uyilo kunye nemveliso kuzo zombini izandla (imveliso kunye nenkqubo).

Jonga iingxaki kwangaphambili (ukuthintela kuqala).

Umsebenzi weqela akanamthungo (osebenza nzima).

Vumela iinyani zizithethele (ukuvelisa uvavanyo).

Shiya ubungqina obukhululekileyo nabamhlophe (amaxwebhu).

Eyona njongo iphambili kukwenza imveliso elungileyo abathengi abanakufumana isiphoso ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye ngexesha elifutshane!

Yicinge njenge "i-navigator" kwaye "yenziwa" ngophuhliso lwemveliso. Ngaphandle kwawo, ukuphuhlisa imveliso entsha kufana nokuhamba ngesikhephe kumanzi angaguqukiyo, apho unokuqhuba khona kwaye ulahlekile; Ngayo, unokufikelela kwindawo oya kuyo ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.