1. Yini i-APQP? (I-Core Metaphor)

Igama eliphelele: Ukuhlelwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo

ISIQINISEKISO: Inqubo yokuphathwa kwamaphrojekthi ehlelekile, esekelwe eqenjini.

Ifilosofi eyinhloko: "Izinkinga ze-NIP ku-Bud" futhi "zenze okokuqala ngqa." Kudinga ukucabanga okuhleliwe esigabeni sokudweba noma ngisho nesigaba somkhiqizo womkhiqizo: Ungaklama kanjani? Ungayikhiqiza kanjani? Yiziphi izingqinamba ezingase ziphakame? Ungabavimbela kanjani? Ungavivinya kanjani? Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende ngomkhiqizo wokugcina?

Isifaniso: Kufana nokwakha i-skyscraper.

Awuvele udonse isixuku sabasebenzi bese uya endaweni yokwakha bese uqala ukubeka izitini, uyakwenza?

• Udinga ukwenza imidwebo enemininingwane enemininingwane (ama-Blueprints) okokuqala - lokhu kulingana nokwakheka kokuqala nokuhlela ku-APQP.
• Cabanga ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo, ukuthi zizosetshenziswa kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izingozi ezizohlangatshezwa (isb.
• Hlela abakhi bezakhiwo, onjiniyela, amaqembu okwakha, abahlinzeki kanye namanye amaqembu - lokhu kulingana nethimba lomnyango we-APQP.
• Thuthukisa izinyathelo zokwakha ezinemininingwane namashejuli - lokhu kulingana nokuhlupheka kwesigaba nokuhlelwa kwe-APQP.
• Hlola amaphuzu asemqoka (e.g., ngemuva kwesisekelo sokuthela, ngemuva kokuthi isitezi ngasinye siphakanyisiwe) -Lokhu okulingana nokubuyekezwa kwe-APQP nokuqinisekiswa.

Umgomo wokugcina ukuletha isakhiwo esezingeni eliphakeme ngesikhathi, kwisabelomali futhi ngokuphepha - okulingana nenhloso ye-APQP yokuletha imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende ngesikhathi.

I-APQP uhlelo lonke lokuhlela kanye nokuphathwa kohlelo kusuka ku-Design Blueprint kuya ekwamukelweni kokugcina ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isakhiwo (umkhiqizo) siphephile.

2. Yini indima ebaluleke kakhulu ye-APQP? (Kungani kubalulekile?)

Ukuxazulula inkinga yokuvimbela kugcina imali nesikhathi: Le yinzuzo yokugcina! Ukuhlonza amaphutha e-Design, amabhodlela okukhiqiza, kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona (njengezakhi ezintekenteke noma izinqubo ezithambekele emaphutheni) ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi kuvumela izixazululo ezisebenzayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthola izingqinamba ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza okuholela ekusebenzeni kabusha okukhulu, ukuklanywa komkhiqizo, noma kukhunjulwe - lezi zindlela ezisebenzayo zishayelwa kakhulu! Cabanga ngalokhu: Ukulungisa iphutha lokuklama ephepheni kuthatha imivimbo embalwa nje; Ukuyibamba emgqeni wokukhiqiza kungavimba izigidi ekulahlekelweni.

Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zamakhasimende: Yimuphi umbala, yimuphi umbala, yimuphi umsebenzi, impilo ende, yiziphi izindinganiso zokuphepha? I-APQP idinga ukuthi lezi zidingo zichazwe kusukela ekuqaleni futhi zihlolwe kuyo yonke inqubo yokuthuthuka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina uhlangana nabo ngqo.

Qinisekisa ukulethwa kwezikhathi: Ngokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba okunemininingwane kanye nokuhlela isikhathi, wonke amaqembu athintekayo (ukwakheka, ukutholwa, ukukhiqizwa, ikhwalithi, ukugwema ukubambezeleka kwephrojekthi ngenxa ye-bhodlela kuxhumano olulodwa.

Khuthaza ukusebenzisana kweqembu: I-APQP igcizelela isidingo seqembu eliqukethe ukwakheka, ukukhiqiza, ikhwalithi, ukuthengwa, ukuthengwa kwezimali, ngisho nabameleli abahlinzeki basebenzisana. Phula izindonga zoMnyango, zihlanganise izinhloso, wabelana ngolwazi, futhi uvikele ukulwa emiseleni.

Ukubeka isisekelo sokukhiqizwa okulandelayo: Imiphumela yokugcina ye-APQP (E.G. Amashadi okugeleza, amapulani okulawula, nemiyalo yomsebenzi) ukuqondisa imikhiqizo efanelekile ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi. Kuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza iqinisekisiwe ngokuphelele futhi ilungiselelwe kahle.

3. Yiziphi izinkomba eziphambili ze-APQP? (Izindawo zokulawula ezibalulekile)

I-APQP isebenza njengomphathi wephrojekthi, igxile kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:

a) Chaza izinhloso nezidingo (indawo yokuqala):

• Yini amakhasimende afuna? (Umsebenzi, ukusebenza, ukubukeka, imithethonqubo, izindleko, isikhathi sokulethwa, njll.)
• Yini izidingo zethu zangaphakathi nokulindelwe? (inzuzo, ukukhiqiza, njll.)
• Yimiphi imithetho nemithetho efanelekile kanye namazinga wezimboni (ukuphepha, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, njll.)

Kalula nje: yenza "ukwenzani" kucace futhi kwenze isisekelo sawo wonke umsebenzi.

b) Design Product Design and Development (Dweba i-BluePrint):

Idizayini: ukuklama imidwebo yomkhiqizo, imininingwane, uhlu lwezinto ezibonakalayo nokunye okunjalo ngokwezidingo.

Ukuqinisekiswa: Ingabe Uyenzile Okwenziwa Ngobuqili? Hlola ukubona ukuthi ihlangabezana nezidingo zokubala, ukumbumbuluzwa, ukubuyekezwa kokuklama, njll ngokwesibonelo, lapho kuklama i-stroller, ungahle uqhube i-stroller, ungahle uqhube i-computer sekulingisa.

Kalula nje: Qiniseka ukuthi okwenzelwe ephepheni ukuze kwamukeleke futhi kufinyeleleke.

c) Inqubo yokuklama nentuthuko (ukuhlela imigqa yokukhiqiza):

Thatha umklamo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yethu ye-Inch Intshi ye-7.0 TFT kanye nokusungulwa komugqa wokukhiqiza njengesibonelo:

Indlela yokukhiqiza: Ngemuva kokuthi umkhiqizo wadalwa, ungayenza kanjani? Imiphi imishini, ukutholwa nenqubo nenqubo edingekayo? Yenza "i-RoadMap yomgwaqo eningiliziwe" (I-Process Flow Chart).

Isakhiwo sesayithi: Ungayihlela kanjani umugqa wokukhiqiza ngokunengqondo futhi ngempumelelo?

Ukuvimbela ubungozi: Yini engahamba kahle esigabeni ngasinye senqubo yokukhiqiza? Ngabe imiphumela ibaluleke kangakanani? Singawuvimba kanjani amaphutha noma sibabone masinyane lapho benzeka? (Leli yi-PFMEA - Imodi yokuhluleka kwenqubo yokuhluleka kanye nokuhlaziywa kokusebenza kahle, ithuluzi elibalulekile e-APQP esizoxoxa ngalo ngokwahlukana ngokuhlukile).

Uhlelo Lokulawula Ikhwalithi: Yimaphi amaphuzu abucayi okulawula emgqeni wokukhiqiza? Iziphi izindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukubheka? Zihlolwa kangaki? Ngubani obahlola? (Kwakha i-prototype yecebo lokulawula).

Mane nje ubeke: Hlela "ukuthi ungayenza kanjani" kusengaphambili, thola amaphuzu wengozi okungenzeka kwinqubo yokukhiqiza, futhi wenze umsebenzi omuhle wokuvimbela.

d) Ukuqinisekiswa komkhiqizo nokusebenza kwenqubo (ukukhiqizwa komshayeli kanye nokuhlolwa):

Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizo ungakhiqizwa isisindo, kudingeka senze okulandelayo:

Isivivinyo sangaphambi kokukhiqizwa:

• Khiqiza inani elincane lemikhiqizo ngomugqa wokukhiqiza ohleliwe (noma umugqa eduze kokukhiqizwa kwesisindo).

Ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlola:

• Ngabe le mikhiqizo yecala ifaneleke ngempela?
• Ngabe ihlangabezana ngokuphelele nezidingo zamakhasimende? (Yenza izivivinyo ezisebenzayo kanye nokwethenjwa).

Inqubo yenqubo:

• Ingabe umugqa wokukhiqiza uzinzile?
• Ingabe ukuphuma kuyashintshana kakhulu?
• Singakwazi ukuqhubeka nokwenza imikhiqizo efanelekayo ngokuqinile? (Nge-SPC, Ukulawulwa Kwenqubo Yezibalo nezinye izindlela).

I-Instrunationsystem:

• Ingabe amathuluzi nezinsimbi ezisetshenziselwa ukuvivinya imikhiqizo ngokwazo zithembekile?
• Ngabe isilinganiso sinembile? (Ukuhlaziywa kohlelo lwe-MSA-ukulinganisa).

Mane nje ubeke: empeleni "Yenza uzame" ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uyafaneleka yini nokuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza isitelekile futhi ithembekile.

e) Impendulo, ukuhlola kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo (isiphetho kanye nokwenza kahle):

Ukuxazulula Inkinga: Izinkinga eziveziwe ekukhiqizeni isivivinyo kanye nokuhlolwa kumele kuhlaziywe futhi zixazululwe kahle.

Isipiliyoni esifingqiwe: Isipiliyoni esihle nezifundo kule phrojekthi kufanele ziqoshwe ukunikeza ireferensi yamaphrojekthi wesikhathi esizayo.

Hambisa ikhasimende: Hlela yonke imibhalo efakazela iziqu zomkhiqizo kanye nenqubo yokulawula, bese uyithumela kwikhasimende ukuze ubuyekeze futhi uvunyelwe (le yinqubo yokuvunyelwa kokukhishwa kwe-PPAP, umphumela obalulekile we-APQP).

Ukudluliswa Kwemilingo Yesisindo: Onke amalungiselelo alungile, futhi umkhiqizo udluliswa ngokusemthethweni eMnyangweni Wokukhiqiza Omkhulu ngokukhiqiza okukhulu ngokohlelo lwe-APQP.

Kalula nje: Rarulula inkinga yokukhiqiza isivivinyo, hlela ubufakazi beklayenti ukuze bavume, baqale ukukhiqizwa, futhi basebenzise izifundo ezifundwe ngcono okuzayo.

Kuwo wonke umthetho:

Ukubambisana: Inqubo ayikwazi ukwenziwa ngumuntu oyedwa noma umnyango owodwa, kepha kufanele athembele ekubambisaneni okusondele phakathi kwamaqembu asebenzayo.

Ukulawulwa Kwengozi: Khomba futhi uvikele ubungozi ngokuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokuqamba kanye nenqubo yokuthuthukisa inqubo (ikakhulukazi nge-FMEA).

Imibhalo: Ukuhlaziywa, isinqumo, uhlelo kanye nemiphumela yokuqinisekisa yesigaba ngasinye kubhalwe kahle ukwakha "uchungechunge lobufakazi" oluphelele kanye nomhlahlandlela wokusebenza. Le ngxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-APQP!

Ukufingqa umongo we-APQP:

I-APQP iyinhlangano "yecebo lokucebisa" eningilizayo kanye ne- "Delivery Guide" ngaphambi kokuthi umkhiqizo 'uzelwe'. Kudinga:

Qala ukuhlelela kusenesikhathi (phezulu).

Izinhloso ezicacile (hlangana nezidingo).

Idizayini nokukhiqiza ezandleni zombili (umkhiqizo kanye nenqubo).

Funa izinkinga kusengaphambili (ukuvikela kuqala).

Ukusebenzisana kungenamthungo (okusebenzayo).

Vumela amaqiniso azikhulumele (ukukhiqizwa kwesilingo).

Shiya ubufakazi ngombala omnyama nomhlophe (amadokhumenti).

Umgomo wokugcina ukwenza umkhiqizo omuhle amakhasimende angakwazi ukuthola iphutha ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu nakusona isikhathi esifushane!

Cabanga ngakho njenge- "Navigator" futhi "ukhishwe ku-" ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo. Ngaphandle kwayo, ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo omusha kufana nokuhamba ngomkhumbi emanzini angafakwanga, lapho ungagijima khona futhi ulahlekelwe; Ngalo, ungafinyelela lapho uya khona ngokuphepha nangendlela efanele.